A data-driven reading of the published paper
Two land uses, one corridor.
How Cikarang added 687 hectares of factory and 623 hectares of home in seven years, mapped, counted, and re-told from the published paper.
Cikarang is one parcel of land with two things growing on it at once.
Between 2016 and 2023, Cikarang added both factory floor and family homes, often on the same stretch of ground, with very little formal separation between them. The same corridor was earlier studied at the building level in an undergraduate thesis; this section re-tells the province-scale numbers instead, drawn from that thesis’s published follow-up paper.
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- Rahman & Hernanda (2025)Abstract, p. 1
Industry and housing are both expanding into the same limited ground.
Neither land use is static, and neither is contained. Industrial estates push outward for logistics access; residential growth follows the jobs those estates create. Where the two fronts meet is exactly where the earlier building-level analysis found the most friction. That is the same insistence on measuring a real spatial relationship instead of a convenient administrative proxy that drives Jakarta Transit Heritage Explorer's network-distance routing.
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- Rahman & Hernanda (2025)Introduction ¶4–5, p. 2
Industrial land grew faster than residential land, by hectares, not just percent.
Industrial land use rose from 4,477.99 to 5,570.68 hectares, an addition of 687.45 hectares. Residential land grew by 622.9 hectares over the same period, from 6,236.05 to 7,328.73 hectares. Industry starts from a smaller base but adds more raw ground.
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- Table 1Land Use Change Analysis, p. 5
Growth isn't even across Cikarang's five districts.
Cikarang Pusat added the most industrial land (285.83 ha) while Cikarang Selatan added the most residential land (205.26 ha). The two fastest-growing districts are growing in opposite directions, which is exactly the kind of divergence a district-blind average would hide.
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- Table 1Industrial/Residential Land Use by District, pp. 5–6
The pace of growth flipped between the two study periods.
From 2016–2019, residential land (323.13 ha) grew faster than industrial land (259.05 ha). From 2019–2023, industry overtook it: 428.39 ha of industrial growth against 299.77 ha of residential growth. Industrial expansion accelerated in the second period; residential growth slowed.
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- Body textTemporal Pattern (2016-2019 vs 2019-2023), p. 7
Cikarang is densifying, not just spreading.
Land use grew 15.35% for industry and 9.99% for residential, but building counts grew 50.26% and 61.94% respectively. Buildings are appearing 3–6× faster than the land under them, meaning both new construction on already-classified land and finer subdivision are doing more of the work than outright expansion. That is the same push toward measuring at province scale instead of building-by-building that structures the Jabung sub-region hierarchy study.
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- Table 2Building Growth Analysis, pp. 8–9
The 2023 footprint is the map a spatial plan has to work with now.
This is the same overlap the building-level thesis flags for buffer requirements and zoning revision, except now it's measured province-scale, across seven years, with numbers a planning document can cite directly. Cikarang Pusat and Cikarang Selatan are the districts where that revision is most overdue. That is the same instinct, turning measured numbers into something a planning document can act on, that drives the ecosystem-vulnerability inventory in South Papua's RPPLH.
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- Table 12023 composition, discussed pp. 13–17